Financial Analysis Of J Sainsbury PLC And Morrison PLC Essay

Financial Analysis Of J Sainsbury PLC And Morrison PLC - Essay Example Although short term liquidity of Sainsbury is lesser than Morrisons, it could be justified by the fact that the company has more working capital available as compared to Morrisons. This proves the liquidity health of the Sainsbury as against Morrisons. The receivable’s turnover rate of the Sainsbury is more than the competitor which is because of the fact that the company is focusing on expanding the customer base. Once the customer relationship is developed, it would be easier for Sainsbury to lock the customers and attract them to purchase more. It is evident from the inventory turnover rate that both the companies fetch the sales from inventory in a reasonable period of time. This shows that Sainsbury is working as per planning; its sales are increasing but they are not over-stocking as it will disturb their short term liquidity ratio.The debt ratio of both the companies is similar which indicates that this ratio is maintained across the industry. The ratio reveals positive results as 50% of the assets are financed by equity financing. This reduces the role of external creditors affecting the decisions of Sainsbury. Despite the fact that interest coverage of Morrison’s is much better than Sainsbury, it does not affect the decision to invest in Sainsbury. Despite the lower interest coverage of Sainsbury, its interest expenses are still 6 times lesser than its operating profit which shows that there is no potential threat of credit risk or bankruptcy for the company.

M & A Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

M & A - Coursework Example The combination of two domestic companies is an important business and economic undertaking because in many instances, such will assure the survival of an entity in the face of changing competitive structures or politico-legal mandates pertaining to the industry (Vaara, 2001). Cross-border M&As, on the other hand, gain a special importance because they play a vital role in foreign direct investment (FDI), directly impacting upon the entry of additional equity in the host economy, and providing an additional source of income investment for the home company. Organizations are comprised of persons real and natural, with all their complexities and idiosyncracies. The human element will be a consideration that will permeate all aspects of the post- M&A integration process. For local companies, this means the combination of two organizational cultures into one. ... People, who are normally resistant to change, will naturally seek to enforce their own accustomed cultures, and resist the adoption of the other. Cross-border M&A is specifically defined as â€Å"an activity in which an enterprise from one country buys the whole asset or controlling percentage of an enterprise in another country (Zhu & Huang, 2007). In the process of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, the enterprises involved are prone not only to conflicts between their organizational cultures, but also their national cultures. This makes the problem of cultural integration more difficult, because national cultures are more closely equated with a sense of national pride and patriotism. Moreover, they often have profound religious or ethical implications more deeply ingrained in the psyche of a nation by centuries of social conditioning. The task of cultural integration of cross-border M&As, therefore, becomes double significant in that it seeks to create a new corporate culture out of two sets of organizational and national cultures, by harmonizing the synergistic elements and eliminating the conflicts (Zhu & Huang, 2007). The stages of mergers and acquisitions The merger or acquisition process is not a single event, but a series of stages that must be understood in order to determine the most effective manner by which integration can be carried out. This is because corporate integration is intimately related to the decision-making stage of the acquisition itself, not separate from it, and events and decisions during the intermediary stages influence the manner in which integration shall proceed. Tanure, Cancado, Duarte & Muylder (2009, pp. 138-142) identify four stages of the merger and acquisition process: 1. The motive behind the acquisition or merger This

Impact of HIV on Society

Impact of HIV on Society The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic is one of the most serious contemporary sexual health related issue affecting the human race today. By the end of 2009, it was approximated that 34 million people were living with the HIV virus and deaths related to AIDS were about 1.8 million people. HIV/AIDS has been the worst pandemic since its discovery; having claimed over twenty five million lives by 2005 with the Sub- Saharan Africa being the most affected (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009). This paper focuses on the impact psychosocial, cultural and economic of HIV/AIDS and its related sexual health problems on the individual as well as the community. HIV/AIDS has a huge impact on the infected individuals family unit and the community they live in. The impact is dependent on the mode in which the virus is transmitted among communities (and who it infects), the diagnosis of infection, and the community setting in which the individual and family live. Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two strains of the virus, HIV-1 and HIV-2, have been described. AIDS is a human disease in which there is gradual failure of the bodys defence (immune) system thereby leading to severe and fatal opportunistic infections and cancers (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009). Infection with HIV occurs through coming in contact with infected body fluids such as blood, breast milk, and sexual fluids such as pre-ejaculate, semen and vaginal fluids. The key modes of transmission are unsafe sex with infected person-both heterosexual and homosexual, contaminated items such as needles and razors, breastfeeding, and infected mothers infecting the newborn during birth. Blood and blood products screening for HIV has greatly eradicated infections transmission through infected blood and blood products transfusions. HIV eventually progresses to AIDS; the individuals mostly succumb to opportunistic infectio ns or malignancies resulting from progressive weakening of the immune system. Different individuals infected with HIV develop AIDS at different rates depending on the host, viral, and environmental factors; many develop to AIDS within ten years but in some it may be earlier or later. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS; treatment involves life-long use of a combination of anti-retroviral drugs and a cocktail of other drugs to treat any opportunistic infections (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009). Infection with HIV usually has a huge physical, mental, social and economic impact on infected individuals, their families as well as the community in which they live. Stigmatization by other community members aggravates this impact; it hampers the prevention and management of HIV and impedes social support and disclosure of HIV status. The family units mostly affected by the HIV scourge are those of low socioeconomic status, such as drug users, asylum seekers and emigrants. The long-term impacts of living with HIV due to invention of better HIV care and management such as HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) have also evolved and changed many social aspects such as parenthood, disclosure HIV status and long term effects of the use of HAART on the individual. Another impact of the HIV is depicted in the inequality and discrimination individuals living with HIV experience when it comes to matters such as securing or sustaining employment and vital services like life assurance . Children have been known to bear the greatest impacts of HIV especially those orphaned and those infected with HIV. The number of orphans has been on steady rise due to AIDS-related deaths of the guardians and the fact HAART is ensuring infants born with HIV can live with the virus till they reach adolescence or beyond. All these factors collectively affect the community around them both socially and economically. The Physical, Psychological and Social Impact of HIV on Individual and Families Infection with HIV/AIDS leads to numerous bodily, mental and social issues that affect the individual and impacts on their families and communities at large. In the contemporary society, the definition of a family shifts from the traditional structure of biologically related members to include socially chosen relationships, for instance, close friends, partners, and close external family relationships such as homosexual men (Green, 2011). Before the discovery of anti-retroviral drugs, infection with HIV meant death within a short period of time. However, after the invention of HAART over a decade ago, there has been a gradual decline on the number of individuals succumbing to AIDS-related diseases in Australia, Europe and the United States. Currently, families have to deal with HIV infection as a chronic disease to be coped with for the life span of the infected individuals (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). The requirement to take complex regime of many drugs is the foremost bu rden for the HIV-infected individual; many patients suffer anxiety, frustration, depression and hopelessness especially when the drugs do not accomplish or maintain the perceived benefits expected from the treatment regime. This could be due to virus mutation and individual resistance to the drugs (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). It is documented that even when the treatment is effective, patients have other form uncertainties and distress. The impact of the HIV treatment is further aggravated by other factors such as worry about employment, sexuality, the prospects of relationships, and the social reactions of other community members. HAART has numerous side-effects, such as cardiovascular diseases and several of which have psychosocial consequences like lipodystrophy (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). Members of the family may also be burdened by giving care to the infected as the disease advances, and they may be distressed by the stigma often associated with HIV infection. Another impact of HIV is the stigma and discrimination against persons living with HIV/AIDS. Apart from having to endure treatment with severe side-effects, they constantly have to cope with rejection and social discrimination. People with HIV/AIDS have to put with being labelled as victims a term that implies defeat, helplessness and dependence upon help from othersÂÂ  (Matic, Lazarus Donoghoe, 2006). The forms of stigma and discrimination vary geographically. Many nations have regulations that control the travel, entry and residence of persons living with HIV/AIDS. By the end of 2010, individuals living with the virus were restricted on long stays of over three months in sixty countries and eighteen of these even applied limitations on short term residence (Stutterheim et al, 2009) In healthcare sector, the common examples of stigma and discrimination experienced are being denied access to facilities and drugs, mandatory HIV testing without individual consent, and breach of c onfidentiality over the persons status. In the workplace, stigma from employers and fellow workers include social isolation and mockery, or experience biased practices, such as dismissal or denial of employment (Stutterheim et al, 2009). Others instances include denial of entry into a country, forced eviction from residence by their families and rejection by colleagues and friends. Stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS greatly hinders efforts to successfully battle the HIV and AIDS pandemic. This fear of discrimination frequently averts individuals from seeking treatment and management of AIDS or from publicly disclosing their HIV status. On numerous occasions, the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS can extend to the family and siblings of the infected individual, creating an emotional burden on those left behind. HIV/AIDS-related stigma modifies over time as infection levels, understanding of the disease and treatment availability vary. For instance, in the Netherlands, the community response to persons with HIV/AIDS is quite positive; understanding of HAART was linked to perception of lower risk, with a positive attitude towards gay people, less fear, and a greater readiness to have personal contact with people with HIV/AIDS. However, in Eastern Europe, discrimination may be more severe, particularly of specific groups, such as gays (Stutterheim et al, 2009). Economic Impact of HIV HIV/AIDS has had the greatest negative effect on the economies of many countries all over the world. The pandemic has been devastating for many nations where it has caused deep poverty both to the individual, families and community. The magnitude of economic and demographic impact of HIV/AIDS infection in third world countries is pronounced due to the fact that it affects persons in the most economically able and productive age. Besides, it is also weighing down on the economic and health gains made in the last few decades. People with HIV/AIDS create a profound burden for public finances, especially in the sector of health. In a number of Caribbean countries, HIV/AIDS patients take up as many as a quarter of existing hospital beds (Green, 2011). The sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected with southern Africa leading with the effects of the virus. The World Bank approximation shows that gross domestic product (GDP) of South Africa reduced by twenty percent in 2010 due to the effects of the deadly virus (Salinas Haacker, 2006). Many other countries are using huge portion of their economic resources in providing treatment and care for people with HIV/AIDS. A research carried out by the University of the West Indies shows that the GDP of countries such as Trinidad and Tobago will drop by over five percent and that of Jamaica by 6.4 percent as a result of HIV/AIDS. The economic impact is poverty, a reduction in investments and savings, and rise of unemployment in vital industries such as agriculture and manufacturing (Salinas Haacker, 2006). The economic impact of HIV is greatly felt by the individual and their families. HIV/AIDS in many cases results in loss of income of the breadwinners and increase in expenditures as a result of caring for the infected. Families affected by HIV deplete their savings and assets in order to cope with increased expenditure and income shocks. Firm profits, savings and investments may reduce due to increase AIDS-related expenditure and lower labour productivity (Whiteside, 2008). According to ILO estimates, close to thirty seven million persons worldwide who are engaged in productive economic activities are HIV-positive. The mortality of these adults leaves the children as orphans and in cases where they were the sole bread winners; the children are left destitute (Green, 2011). Impact of HIV on Parenthood and Children The development of HAARTs has had an impact on pregnancy planning among people living with HIV. In the pre-HAART era, HIV-positive women were faced with their HIV status and the expected bleak outcome of death. The number AIDS-related deaths, however, has drastically gone down in women living with AIDS due to HAART; they now live longer healthier lives. Among the women in the reproductive age who are living with HIV, the decision about pregnancy is becoming an important one; this due to reduction of the risk of vertical transmission of the virus to the newborn (Noroski, 2009). Gains in prevention of mother to child transmission have led to emergence of new dimensions in the way communities view parenthood. Parenthood in HIV infected people is still eliciting many physical and social effects especially due to stigma and discrimination associated with the virus. Noroski (2009) outlines that concerns that might determine parenting decisions among people living with AIDS are the aspirati on for parenthood, religious beliefs, children one had before, the position of spouse and health care providers, and apparent spouse capacity to parent successfully. HIV/AIDS has greatly changed parenthood. Research findings shows that close to seventy percent of all HIV infected parents regarded their family planning to be over, since they did not plan bear any more children, sixteen percent were undecided, while fourteen percent had an explicit longing to have more children (Wacharasan and Homchampa, 2008). Children who are infected with HIV either during birth or later through breast milk now have a chance to survive up to adolescence owing to better treatment regimes. This means that more adolescents increasingly have to cope with the virus. Children living with HIV/AIDS have a high risk of death from opportunistic infections. The virus affects the children psychologically and leads to neurological impairment; as a result they have pronounced cognitive insufficiency or diminished cognitive abilities, have behavioural difficulties, and have a general low quality life. Children living with HIV may also experience challenges in leading a normal life due to the medication they must use regularly as well as problems that result from disclosure of their HIV status (Noroski, 2009). The other main impacts of HIV on motherhood are ethical concerns about the possible danger of spreading the virus to the newborn, the socioeconomic impact, concerns and stigma associated with bringing up a child by a parent who has a potentially fatal disease. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has greatly contributed to increase in the number of orphans universally. In Africa alone, there are over twelve million children orphaned by AIDS pandemic. The children are left destitute; at times the elder adolescents have to take up the parenting roles while majority are taken care of by their extended family members or foster parents. This long term care causes economic difficulties as financial resources are strained. The children become fully deprived of the care, guidance and protection of their parents and social problems begin to crop up. The children find themselves prematurely out of school. Statistics show that many of these children have to drop their education due to lack of resources, stigma and discrimination or simply to take up the role of premature parenting resulting from death of their parents. These effects are more pronounced especially after death of both parents. HIV/AIDS in the long term leads to numerous social impacts on the communit y such increase in crime rates, poverty, drug abuse, illiteracy, reduced productivity and eventual collapse of social system. Impact of HIV on Caregivers and Healthcare Sector The major burden of caring for the people living with AIDS rests with the family and the health care providers. In the era before anti retroviral therapy, this used to be an immensely stressing task because most of times the health of the infected patients deteriorated rapidly, they were bedridden and has to be taken care of. The advent of HAART has greatly improved the need for round the clock help since the patient can now lead a healthier life without need for much help. Important care givers are mainly the family, close friends and health workers. The major impact of HIV on the caregivers is stigma; usually referred to as secondary stigma or stigma by association. Parents of people living with HIV may be held responsible for the immoral behaviour that led to infection of their children with HIV. Wacharasan and Homchampa (2008) reported stigmatization as a primary concern for the caregivers. Rather than face stigmatization, caregivers may try to conceal their care giving activities by withdrawing from social relationships. In clinical practice, family caregivers may exacerbate demands of care giving by driving long distances to avoid community awareness of their care recipients HIV status. Some informal caregivers even avoid employing the professional home services of home health care, infusion therapy hospice, and hospice providers to avoid HIV/AIDS disclosure in their communities. Nurses working with informal caregivers fearful of status disclosure must be sensitive to the familys caregivers fear of discrimination and stigma (Wight et al, 2006). Nurses, knowledgeable of HIV friendly referral agencies with well established histories of providing confidential services can play a role in meeting the need for professional home-centred services and bringing solace to an informal caregiver fearful of HIV stigmatization. Caregivers of HIV-infected children also face stigma. Thampanichawat (2008) found primary caregivers of children with HIV infection dealt with the stigma of AIDS while managing their anxiety and fear of loss. Bore much burden of care and faced many difficulties because of limited resources. Similar studies report increased financial difficulties, problems in child care and support and compromised help-seeking due to stigma. These findings emphasize the need to develop interventions to enable caregivers to seek out and identify financial resources and child care to support and empower caregivers to deal with stigma. Health care providers also may fears stigmatization in their work with HIV-positive patients. Caregivers, both formal and informal, commonly experience stigma from their association with HIV/aids and people living with it. This stigma may influence their willingness to work with those with HIV/AIDS or make their work more difficult. Conclusion Annually, across Australia and the world, many individuals get infected with HIV; thousands living with HIV develop AIDS. The impact of contracting and living with this virus hugely challenging and depends on the society the infected person lives in. The impact may determine the effectiveness of the management program, adherence to the treatment regimen and prevention of new infections. The major challenges are to encourage HIV testing for the risk groups, encourage status disclosure, availing a timely and effective management and care to all people living with HIV/AIDS, to endeavour in developing contemporary prevention methods that consider the variable patterns of the pandemic, and to eradicate the economic, physical and psychosocial impacts of HIV infection. Policies should incorporate the needs of individuals, families and the community in order to effectively address the impact of HIV on various sectors.

Creative writing about my room Essay

The stairs creak as i tiptoe up them to the second floor of my house where my room awaits me. I make my way up to the doorway while tightly grasping the rail. I approach the wooden door and slowly turn the golden knob. Suddenly i am now inside a room with cool air and a fresh scent of cleanliness blowing through my nose. On my way to the crystal sliding glass door, i take notice of how the room is so neat and clean. The room is a sterilized doctors office where patients have not yet arrived. The fresh aroma of simmering potpourri and the fragrance of recent blown out candles spills out in every direction. The freshly sky blue painted walls are encompassed with pictures of friends and family members neatly placed in their proper spots in a collage with other pictures. Each picture is trying to stand out and be more noticed than the rest as if they were all running in a beauty pageant. The walls are all neatly dressed with their own unique outfit of posters and pictures. The pictures and cheerleading awards overwhelm the room with bright colors and pastels. With another step, i notice how all the furniture is aligned perfectly with the symmetry of the room like a life size geometry proof. The furniture is identical in color, each piece a fluorescent pink. The vanity and nightstand are clear of clutter with not even a thin film of dust in the smallest crevice. The fibers of recently vacuumed carpet stand at attention displaying how clean they are. The bright pink dresser glistens as the sunlight shines through the crystal clear window reflecting off its soft glossy finish. As i approach the clear glass door, it is shiny and smudge free just like a Windex commercial. Glancing out the window, i receive an immediate sense of relief and comfort. The sun is shining down on the white blanket of snow that lies upon the ground. The falling snow trickles down making it seem as if i were in a snow globe. I sway over to my perfectly made bed and gracefully sit down being careful not to wrinkle the fragile covers. Taking one more look around, i think about my room. It is like my shadow following me on a sunny day. My room reflects my personal interests and talents and really is a part of me!

Abigail Adams Quotes Words on Politics and Life

First Lady of the United States (1797-1801), Abigail Adams was married to John Adams, second U.S. President. During his many absences from home working with the Continental Congress and as a diplomat in Europe, Abigail Adams managed the farm and family finances. No wonder she expected that the new nation would remember the ladies! Abigail Adams was an early proponent of the rights of women; her letters to her husband are a source of many arguments and persuasive commentary about the need to include women in the making of the new nation. Her argument, simply, was that women should not be bound by laws that did not take them into consideration except as companions and mothers. In addition to advocating for womens rights, she was an abolitionist who believed that slavery was, possibly, the single biggest threat to the American experiment of democratic, representative government. Selected Abigail Adams Quotations †¢ Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. †¢ Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could. †¢ If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation. †¢ If we mean to have Heroes, Statesmen and Philosophers, we should have learned women. †¢ It is really mortifying, sir, when a woman possessed of a common share of understanding considers the difference of education between the male and female sex, even in those families where education is attended to... Nay why should your sex wish for such a disparity in those whom they one day intend for companions and associates. Pardon me, sir, if I cannot help sometimes suspecting that this neglect arises in some measure from an ungenerous jealousy of rivals near the throne. †¢ Well, knowledge is a fine thing, and mother Eve thought so; but she smarted so severely for hers, that most of her daughters have been afraid of it since. †¢ Great necessities call out great virtues. †¢ Ive always felt that a persons intelligence is directly reflected by the number of conflicting points of view he can entertain simultaneously on the same topic. †¢ Men of sense in all ages abhor those customs which treat us only as the vassals of your sex. †¢ The only chance for much intellectual improvement in the female sex, was to be found in the families of the educated class and in occasional intercourse with the learned. †¢ I regret the trifling narrow contracted education of the females of my own country. †¢ The natural tenderness and delicacy of our constitution, added to the many dangers we are subject to from your sex, renders it almost impossible for a single lady to travel without injury to her character. And those who have a protector in a husband have, generally speaking, obstacles to prevent their roving. †¢ If much depends as is allowed upon the early Education of youth and the first principals which are instilld take the deepest root, great benefit must arise from literary accomplishments in women. †¢ These are times in which a genius would wish to live. It is not in the still calm of life, or the repose of a pacific station, that great characters are formed. †¢ To be good, and do good, is the whole duty of man comprised in a few words. †¢ I am more and more convinced that Man is a dangerous creature, and that power whether vested in many or a few is ever grasping, and like the grave cries give, give. The great fish swallow up the small, and he who is most strenuous for the Rights of the people, when vested with power, is as eager after the prerogatives of Government. You tell me of degrees of perfection to which Humane Nature is capable of arriving, and I believe it, but at the same time lament that our admiration should arise from the scarcity of the instances. †¢ Learning is not to be attained by chance, it must be sought with ardor and attended to with diligence. †¢ But let no person say what they would or would not do, since we are not judges for ourselves until circumstances call us to act. †¢ A little of what you call frippery is very necessary towards looking like the rest of the world. †¢ We have too many high-sounding words, and too few actions that correspond with them. †¢ I begin to think, that a calm is not desirable in any situation in life. Man was made for action and for bustle too, I believe. †¢ Wisdom and penetration are the fruit of experience, not the lessons of retirement and leisure. †¢ These are the times in which a genius would wish to live. It is not in the still calm of life, or the repose of a pacific station, that great characters are formed. †¢ No one is without difficulties, whether in high or low life, and every person knows best where their own shoe pinches. Selected Sources Adams, John; Adams, Abigail (March–May 1776).  Letters of Abigail Adams.  Letters Between Abigail Adams and Her Husband John Adams. Liz Library.Gilles, Edith Belle.  Abigail Adams: A Writing in Life.  Routledge, 2002.Holton, Woody.  Abigail Adams. Simon and Schuster, 2010.

Essay on ICT and Education - 1216 Words

ICT has a huge range of functions in education such as; communication, learning tools, administration, information sources and distance learning. ICT has therefore had quite an impact on education; for instance, the National Curriculum demands children be taught to use computers early on so as they progress into secondary, further and higher education, they are then adept in utilising applications software. Consequently, ICT is used in virtually all of the subjects that the students are taught, whether it be English, maths, modern foreign languages, etc. ICT in the past In the early 1980’s Britain introduced computers to schools. Due to inadequate investment by the government, every school was only provided with one computer. Many†¦show more content†¦As well as possessing a huge amount of information and limitless sources and materials, it is also quite fast, easily accessible and perfectly suitable for both students and employees. Numerous websites have been created and are available on the internet offering heaps of information for individuals to explore. People can also collect and share information with other people around the world using the internet. Typically the information in the internet is free and available 24 hours a day. An additional advantage of having loads of information on the internet is that it is cheaper than buying and replacing books outdated information books every year. Another advantage of the internet is the communication. People are able to communicate immediately with other people thousands of miles a way. Today the range of communication services provided by the internet include; e-mail, instant messaging, blogs, newsgroups and online conferencing. These types of communication can enable friends to chat and employers to converse with employees from long distances. One more advantage is the amount of services that the internet provides such as job seeking, purchasing tickets online, online banking, guidance services and hotel bookings. These services are sometimes not online and can cost more. A disadvantage of the internet is that people are can be in danger in terms of their personal information being stolen.Show MoreRelatedThe Ict And Its Impact On Education1386 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction The ICT subjects was introduced in secondary schools early 2000’s with poor methodologies. It was that time I was in secondary schools so I saw and even experienced how the mode of computer skills delivery was. The word ‘computer’ itself was a bit knew to most students thou I was very good in mathematics. Shortage of instructors and teaching tools was a big issue. 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It is with convenience that studen ts get the most revised online journals existing for reference. It provides significant resources that will academically aid the students. Through easy access to virtual websites, it presents the students updates and reliable online journals. It also aids the students through the advanced technologyRead MoreDigital Skills And Technological Awareness798 Words   |  4 PagesDigital skills and technological awareness can significantly shape the perception of ICT integration in education by the teachers, and it is important to analyse the perception of the teacher about the integration of ICT in education. The digital skills and awareness are to be understood as the knowledge about the integration of ICT into the classroom in order to effectively implement ICT and in that way achieve better results than through traditional teaching and learning processes only. HennessyRead MoreStatus Of Use Of Ict By Secondary School Students Of Nepal Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesStatus of Use of ICT by Secondary School Students of Nepal Dirgha Raj Joshi Research Scholar Faculty of Education Banaras Hindu University, India Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) is most important part of modern education system. It is highly beneficial for the improvement of students several aspect of knowledge, skill and attitudes. The study focused in use of ICT with respect to students of class nine and ten from secondary schools of Kathmandu, Nepal. Responses of 106

Review Of Kenya s Agricultural And Food Policy Essay

Review Kenya’s agricultural and Food policy Food is one of the three basic human wants, and arguably the most significant of the three. Mudavadi has captured this in his work, by advancing that â€Å"Food is a basic need and a human right. For effective development of human resources, the basic health, food and nutrition requirements of the people must be met. Investing in people means investing in their health and the removal of their food insecurity.† This is important for any government since hungry and malnourished people cannot be expected to be productive. Unfortunately, this is the reality in Africa and particularly sub-Saharan Africa where recurrent perennial drought has led to massive crop failure and subsequent acute food shortages and famine. This has led to the region being top of the World Food Program consideration for food relief. In spite of this, agriculture remains the backbone of the Kenyan economy and the single most important sector in the economy, contributing approximately 25% of the GDP, and employing 75% of the national labor force (Republic of Kenya 2005). Over 80% of the Kenyan population live in the rural areas and derive their livelihoods, directly or indirectly from agriculture, an important consideration in the long term planning for sustainable food sufficiency security. Given its importance to the Kenyan economy, the performance of the sector is therefore reflected in the performance of the whole economy. The development of agriculture is alsoShow MoreRelatedAgri Markets7792 Words   |  32 PagesInformation and Extent of Agricultural Commercialization: Empirical Evidence from Smallholder Farmers in Effutu Municipality of Ghana Edward Martey1* 1 Savanna Agricultural Research Institute of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P. O. Box TL 52, Tamale, Ghana. Author’s contribution This whole work was carried out by author EM. th Original Research Article Received 26 March 2014 th Accepted 14 May 2014 th Published 29 July 2014 ABSTRACT Aims: Agricultural commercialization literatureRead MoreEffects of Human Capital on Maize Production in Ghana Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment. Yet, growth in this sector has been slow. According to the World Bank (1989), agricultural growth for the continent from 1980 to 1989 averaged only 1.8% per year. Therefore, â€Å"improving this growth rate is of increasing concern for both governments and international organizations† (Pinckney 1995). Investing in the human capital base is regarded as one of the most effective ways to improve agricultural productivity (Nelson and Phelps, 1966; Romer, 1990; Bindlish and Evenson, 1997; BirdsallRead MoreA Report Of Post Wwii Development Of Kenya2483 Words   |  10 PagesDEVELOPMENT OF KENYA MKIB261 2015/3/28 Content Executive Summary 3 1. Linear Stages of Growth 3 Stage 1: The traditional society: 3 †¢ Stage 2. The pre-take-off society 5 †¢ Stage 3. Take-off 5 †¢ Stage 4. The road to maturity 7 †¢ Stage 5. The mass consumption society 7 2. Structural Patterns of Development 9 3. International Dependence Revolution 10 4. Neoclassical Counterrevolution 12 5. Conclusion 14 Bibliography 15 Executive Summary Classified as a frontier market, Kenya is the largestRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Economic Growth Essay8671 Words   |  35 Pages 9 1.7 Problem Statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 11 1.8 Objectives of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 1.9 Research questions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 1.10 Significance of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.. 16 2.1 Conceptual Framework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.2 Empirical Literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreFactors Influencing Milk Production Among Dairy Farmers8850 Words   |  36 Pages FACTORS INFLUENCING MILK PRODUCTION AMONG SMALLHOLDER DAIRY FARMERS IN MATHIRA EAST DISTRICT OF NYERI COUNTY, KENYA BY KARANJA GEOFFREY MWANGI AST/011/12 STATISTICAL CONSULTINGRead MoreImpact Of Trade Remedy Measures On Africa s International Trade And Economic Growth A Case Study Of Kenya3536 Words   |  15 Pages THE IMPACTS OF TRADE REMEDY MEASURES ON AFRICA S INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH A CASE STUDY OF KENYA Amira R. 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Box 46116 Nairobi, Kenya ISBN 9966-944-52-4 Contents Read MoreConfronting Procurement Challenges Nairobi S State Corporations Essay5734 Words   |  23 Pages.................................................5 1.6 Significance of the Study 5 1.7 Delimitation of the Study 6 1.8 Limitations of the Study 6 1.9 Organization of the Study 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Overview of Public Procurement 7 2.2 Theoretical Literature 7 2.3 Empirical Review 8 2.4.1 Management Styles in Confronting Procurement Challenges 9 2.4.2 Organization Culture in Confronting Procurement Challenges 9 2.4.3 Stakeholders Involvement in Confronting Procurement Challenges 10Read MoreProduction Of Biogas From Renewable Resources Essay2056 Words   |  9 Pagestraditional hearths (Rwiza, 2009). In Kenya the three main sources of energy are: petroleum, electricity and wood fuel/biomass fuels that accounts for 21 per cent, 9 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively, of total energy consumption (Government of Kenya, 2004). Alternative renewable energy is also becoming important although it is still insignificant in the country’s overall energy mix. 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